Justice Studies Courses

CRIM 090

Criminology Orientation

This compulsory pass/fail course orients and prepares students for success in Criminology and Undergraduate Studies: this will build upon the foundations provided by the Faculty of Arts orientation. It will assist students with information on programs, practica, and career opportunities
in the justice field.
*Note: This is a zero-credit, three-hour required course and is offered in one session time during the Fall and Winter semesters. This is not a 13-week course. Students must take this course prior to applying for CRIM 289, the CRIM 290 practicum field experience or prior to completing 30 credit hours.*
*Note: CRIM 090 and CRIM 101 are is required for all majors in Justice Studies Criminology programs.*
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 090 or JS 090.*

CRIM 101

Introduction to Criminology

A general overview of the subject of criminology and understanding of basic concepts including crime, law, deviance, and delinquency. Includes: an introduction to the measurement of crime and statistics on crime and victimization; victimology, and victims’ rights; theories of crime; and crime classifications.

CRIM 190

Introduction to Practicum Orientation

This compulsory pass/fail course orients and prepares students for the Introductory Practicum placement. Students will build application and interview skills in preparation for CRIM 290.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 090 or JS 090, and CRIM 101 or JS 100.***
*Note: This is a zero-credit course. Students must take this course before being eligible for the CRIM 290 practicum field experience.*

CRIM 201

The Criminal Justice System

An introductory analysis of the criminal justice system. An examination of the Canadian criminal justice process from initial police involvement through court processes to the correctional disposition of convicted offenders.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100; or 15 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 201 or JS 240.*

CRIM 203

Research Methods in Criminology

This course will develop student’s research and analytic skills. Coverage includes research procedures, logic, research ethics, structure of inquiry for literature, sampling and data collection methods, analysis and hypothesis testing, and report writing.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for only one of CRIM 203 and SOST 203.*

CRIM 221

Introduction to Policing

This course explores modern Canadian policing. It covers the history and evolution of policing in Canada, the role of police in society, and the nature of the policing profession, including aspects of recruitment and training. The course also addresses police decision-making, the use of discretion, police powers, and accountability frameworks.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100; or completion of 15 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 221 or JS 341.*

CRIM 230

Introduction to Canadian Law

Examines the conceptual foundations, structure and administration of law in Canada, including criminal and civil law. Current legal debates and precedent setting cases will be discussed.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100; or 15 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 230 or JS 230.*

CRIM 241

Introduction to Corrections

This course introduces the operations of institutional corrections in Canada. It explains the various roles, responsibilities, and processes involved in managing a case as a correctional officer. It also offers an introduction to the theories of punishment and the rise of incarceration in Canada and beyond. Specific attention is given to institutions-based programs and practices. This information is contextualized through relevant case studies, law, and policy so that students have a deeper understanding of common issues and scenarios they may encounter throughout their career. ***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100; or 15 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***

CRIM 266

Economics of Crime

An introduction to the economics of crime, the Canadian criminal justice system, and efforts to ensure and maintain public safety. The benefits and costs of crime, policing, court proceedings, and corrections, along with reform options, will be examined.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100 or ECON 100; or 15 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of ECON 236 or CRIM 266.*

CRIM 276

Professional Ethics

Philosophical consideration of ethical problems which arise in the context of the conduct of professional practice. Areas include ethics of privacy and confidentiality with applications to justice.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100; or 15 credit hours,; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of PHIL 276, JS 276, or CRIM 276.*
*Note: CRIM 276 is only offered to CRIM students when PHIL 276 is not scheduled in neither a Fall or Winter semester.*

CRIM 280

Introduction to Social Justice

An interdisciplinary examination of the nature and foundations of social justice, including human rights. Theoretical and applied perspectives are included.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 101 or JS 100; or 15 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 280 or JS 280.*

CRIM 289

Professional Communications and Writing

An introduction to the integration of theory and practice in justice issues.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, ACAD 100 or ENGL 100, and completion of 6 additional credit hours.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 289 or JS 291.*

CRIM 290

Practicum I (Introductory): Field Placement

An introduction to professional practice in an approved human service or justice organization. The goal of the practicum is to provide students with the opportunity to integrate theory in practice by applying the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired during their academic study.
***Prerequisite: 30 credit hours, including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 190, CRIM 289 or JS 291, and a minimum 65.00% PGPA
and 60.00% UGPA or permission of Department Head.***
*Note: Restricted to BA in Criminology and BA in Police Studies majors and Diploma in Criminology students.*
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 290 or JS 290.*

CRIM 304

Qualitative Research Methods in Criminology

An overview of the methods of qualitative research. Discussion focuses on the philosophical foundations of qualitative methods, the variety of techniques available within interpretive and conflict paradigms, issues of sampling, analysis, validity, and report writing.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 30 credit hours, including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, and CRIM 203 or PSYC 204 or SOST 203; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for only one of CRIM 304 or SOST 307.*

CRIM 305

Quantitative Research Methods in Criminology

This course provides students with a practical and applied foundation in the introductory fundamentals of descriptive and inferential statistics in Criminology. With the assistance of computer software, students will explore and analyze different types of Canadian data used to study patterns in Criminology and criminal justice.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 30 credit hours, including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, and SOST 203 or CRIM 203; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for only one of CRIM 305 or SOST 306 or PSYC 305.*

CRIM 313

Mental Health and Substance Abuse

Mental health and substance use/abuse are significant issues for justice organizations and professionals and clients. This course will explore approaches to prevention, intervention and suppression. Public policy related to both areas will be examined.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department
Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 313 or JS 313.*

CRIM 316

Mediation and Conflict Transformation

Examines the role, purposes, use of mediation and other methods of conflict transformation. Assesses appropriate use of a variety of mechanisms, especially as they relate to issues of race, class, and gender. Conflict styles, conflict analysis tools, role of mediator, typology of mediation, and skills are discussed. Additionally, the course introduces the concepts of need, interest, position, and decolonization in the context of mediation
and conflict transformation. Emphasis on conflict transformation in the context of human justice and restorative justice.
***Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours 100; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of HJ 321, HJ 381AC, JS 316, or CRIM 316.*

CRIM 317

Justice, Democracy and Social Change

Examines justice in terms of concepts and practices of citizenship within democratic societies. Examines political justice, representations, governmental obligations re: human services and the growing role of nongovernmental organizations.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 317 or JS 317.*

CRIM 318

Restorative and Community Justice

This course will examine, in depth, the restorative justice paradigm and its applications. The development of justice alternatives to criminalizing approaches will be explored. The concepts and services and emerging roles for the community and victims will be analyzed.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 318 or JS 318.*

CRIM 319

Criminological Theories

This course examines various theories within the discipline of criminology that attempt to explain and predict the etiology and epidemiology of criminal and deviant behaviour in Canadian society. Both classical and contemporary theories of crime are considered. Multiple theoretical and disciplinary perspectives may be discussed.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.*** *Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 319, JS 319, or JS 498AE.*

CRIM 322

Crime Intelligence and Analysis

This course introduces students and professionals to the role of intelligence and analysis in policing. Students and professionals will obtain the knowledge, skills and tools for basic analysis techniques. The course provides insight into the principles of intelligence led policing, critical thinking, and analysis.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 203, CRIM 221 or JS 341, and CRIM 305; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 322, JS 392, or JS 398AB.*

CRIM 323

Community Policing

A theoretical examination of the history and models of contemporary community policing in Canada. The interrelated roles of the community and the police in the development and implementation of community and problem-oriented policing in urban as well as rural settings will be examined. ***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 221 or JS 341, and one other CRIM or JS course; or 30 credit hours; or permission
of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 323 or JS 343.*

CRIM 325

Indigenous Policing in Canada

This course will examine the history and evolution of Indigenous policing in Canada. It will address current and ongoing issues with the service delivery, style, and conflicting cultural expectations. It will also provide contextual elements of Indigenous policing models in selected other countries. ***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 221 or JS 341, and one other CRIM or JS course; or 30 credit hours; or permission
of the Department Head.***

CRIM 331

Family Law and Family Policy

Examines legislation, policies, institutions, and processes relevant to family welfare. Considers issues such as child protection and the structure and operation of family courts. Includes comparisons with other jurisdictions.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and CRIM 230 or JS 230, and one other CRIM or JS course; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 331 or JS 331.*

CRIM 332

Law and Society

This course explores law as a social institution. It examines the origin, impact and definition of law, dispute resolution, and the relationship between law and social change. It seeks to engage students in a critical examination of law from a theoretical foundation by applying theory to Canadian law. ***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and CRIM 230 or JS 230, and one other CRIM or JS course; or 30 credit hours;or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 332 or JS 332.*

CRIM 335

Criminal Procedure and Law

Students will be introduced to the basic concepts, legal institutions, and governing principles for Criminal Procedure and Criminal Law in Canada. They will be required to use the Criminal Code, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the common law, and secondary sources such as law review articles, books, and reports from commissions of inquiry, to develop their capacity to think analytically and critically about the Criminal Law.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 230 or JS 230, and 1 other CRIM or JS course; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***

CRIM 344

Issues in Community Corrections

This course focuses on the operations of community-based interventions in the Western world. Specific attention is given to community-based correctional programs in Canada and current practices in probation, parole and conditional sentencing, among others.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 241 or JS 342, and 1 other CRIM or JS course; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***

CRIM 350

Justice and Indigenous Peoples

Intended to help human service workers understand the background of current issues, including aboriginal rights, land claims and self-government. Explores aboriginal history, colonization, settlement, displacement, and constitutional issues here and abroad.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department
Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 350 or JS 350.*

CRIM 351

Forms of Racism in Canadian Society

This course examines the socio-historic system of racism with a focus on the Canadian Aboriginal experience. Manifestations of the different forms of racism are explored. Participants engage in a variety of activities to analyze racism and evaluate their beliefs and actions in order to promote equity and anti-racism practice.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 351 or JS 351.*

CRIM 355

Decolonizing Justice

This course offers a detailed examination of the concept of decolonization in the context of criminology and criminal justice system. Decolonization in the context of policing, courts, corrections, mental health issues and restorative justice will be examined. Examples from a number decolonized justice practices will be discussed.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and 2 other CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***

CRIM 361

Criminal Justice Policy

This course will introduce, examine, and provide students the skills with which to analyze criminal justice policies. This course will emphasize a conceptual approach rather than a statistical focus to studying the creation, implementation, and evaluation of criminal justice policies. ***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and 2 other CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***

CRIM 370

Young Offenders and Youth Justice

Examines the status and prospects of youth and current legislation in regard to young offenders. Compares current and former legislation, with attention to guiding principles and actual outcomes. Considers policy and service issues and their impact on youth and youth workers.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 370 or JS 370.*

CRIM 371

Victimology

An examination of the physical, emotional, and financial harm people suffer at the hands of offenders, as well as the history, theories, research, legislation, and policy implications related to the social construction of a crime victim. Services and solutions for victims of crime will also be discussed. ***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and 2 other CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department
Head.***

CRIM 381

Foundations of Human Rights

Examines the historical, political, and legal development of human rights and how gender, class, and various aspects of personal and collective identity affect our understanding and realization of human rights. Emphasizes the interrelationships of civil and political rights with social and economic rights.
***Prerequisite: Completion of CRIM 101 or JS 100, and two additional CRIM or JS courses; or 30 credit hours; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 381, JS 381, or IS 490AD.*

CRIM 390

Advanced Practicum Orientation

This compulsory pass/fail course orients and prepares students for the Advanced Practicum placement and CRIM 490.
***Prerequisite: CRIM 290 or JS 290; or permission of Department Head.***
*Note: This is a zero-credit course. Students must take this course before being eligible for the CRIM 490 practicum field experience.*

CRIM 412

Environmental Justice and Green Criminology

Traces environmental movements, environmental ethics, evolution of environmental assessment/protection, criminalization of pollution, and international environmental agreements. Approached from several perspectives: deep ecology, social ecology, green politics, sustainable development, bio-regionalism and eco-feminism.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 30 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, one 300-level CRIM or JS course, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 412 or JS 412.*

CRIM 415

Program Evaluation

Introduction to organizational, methodological and professional issues involved in evaluating programs in government and non-government organizations that deal with justice issues. This course offers a practical understanding of the evaluation process, including identification of key evaluation questions, program logics, measurement, research design, and qualitative evaluation.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, one CRIM or JS 300-level
course, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 415 or JS 415.*

CRIM 418

Advanced Seminar in Restorative Justice

This course will focus on special topics in the area of law or restorative justice. The intent is to offer a special focus on key and contemporary issues in the field and allow students to explore that topic in great depth throughout the semester.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, CRIM 318 or JS 318, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 418 or JS 418.*

CRIM 419

Advanced Seminar in Criminology and Criminal Justice

This course will focus on special topics in the area of criminology and criminal justice systems. The intent is to offer a special focus on key and contemporary issues in the field and allow students to explore that topic in great depth throughout the semester.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, CRIM 319 or JS 319, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 419 or JS 419.*

CRIM 421

Advanced Seminar in Policing

Coverage of advanced contemporary topics in policing. Topics may include: race and ethnicity in the study of crime, policing, and the criminal justice system; First Nations policing, programs and funding; policing, diversity and representation; mental health, addictions, emergency response, policing and resilience; technological change in crime and investigation methods; policing in rural and remote communities. Topics will vary each offering and allow for in-depth exploration.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, CRIM 221 or JS 341, CRIM 323 or CRIM 325 or JS 343, and an additional 5 CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***

CRIM 423

Police Organization, Administration and Leadership in Canada

This course focuses on the principles of administration, organizational behaviour, and leadership in human services agencies, including social and criminal justice agencies. Topics include financial and human resource management, implementation of programs toward fulfillment of objectives and decision-making. This course will also examine different models and styles of organizational structure and how they influence organizational
behaviour.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, CRIM 323 or CRIM 325, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 423 or JS 443.*

CRIM 431

International Law and Justice

Explores the role of law, courts and policy at the international level in the pursuit of criminal justice and social justice. Examines how advocacy and service organizations use these international mechanisms in pursuit of justice-related goals.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, CRIM 332 or JS 332, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 431 or JS 431.*

CRIM 440

Advanced Issues in Corrections and Community Justice

Examines shifting assumptions and changing practices in dealing with persons found guilty of criminal offences, as they pertain to both institutional and community settings. Topics include programming models, tensions among retributive, rehabilitative, and restorative approaches, and the role of culture and communities in repairing harm done by criminal behaviour.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, CRIM 344 or JS 342, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 440 or JS 440.*

CRIM 460

Discrimination and Justice

This course examines the social, economic, political and legal implications of discrimination based on: age, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, ability, and religion. The course assesses possible areas for social justice advocacy alongside potential legal/judicial remedies to ensure rights and self-determination.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 60 credit hours including CRIM 090 or JS 090, CRIM 101 or JS 100, CRIM 289 or JS 291, one CRIM or JS 300-level course, and an additional five CRIM or JS courses; or permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 460 or JS 460.*

CRIM 490

Practicum II (Advanced): Field Placement

The Advanced Practicum field placement focuses students attention on personal and professional development: clarifying values, developing self-confidence and self-reliance, and problem-solving actual life experiences.
***Prerequisite: 90 credit hours including CRIM 390, and CRIM 289 or JS 291, 65.00% PGPA and 60.00% UGPA or permission of Department Head.***
*Note: Restricted to BA in Criminology and BA in Police Studies majors.*
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 490 or JS 490.*

CRIM 494

Practicum: Professional Training and Paper

Students will undergo the final stage of their training. This will involve a four-month period of work with an approved sponsoring service and completion of an assigned paper.
***Prerequisite: Completion of a term at an approved Police College or equivalent training with an approved service, admission to the BA in Police Studies, a minimum of 60% PGPA, and 65% major GPA, and permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: CRIM 494 is a compulsory course for students who were enrolled in pre-police studies at any time before finding employment with a service, and for officers who have less than five years service upon application for admission to the BA in Police Studies.*
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 494, CRIM 495, JS 494, or JS 495.*

CRIM 495

Practicum: Paper

Students must complete an assigned paper which will integrate academic learning with contemporary policing.
***Prerequisite: Completion of 75 credit hours of pre-police studies (including 15 credit hours of transfer credit for police college or equivalent training), admission to the BA in Police Studies, a minimum of 60% PGPA, and 65% major GPA, and permission of the Department Head.***
*Note: CRIM 495 is intended for officers with at least five years of service upon application for admission to the BA in Police Studies, and who were not enrolled in pre-police studies before finding employment with a service.*
*Note: Students may receive credit for one of CRIM 495, CRIM 494, JS 495, or JS 494.*